0.10.0-rc.1
DSQUARED2 DSQUARED2 Bomber Bomber rgOqwr DSQUARED2 DSQUARED2 Bomber Bomber rgOqwr DSQUARED2 DSQUARED2 Bomber Bomber rgOqwr DSQUARED2 DSQUARED2 Bomber Bomber rgOqwr

DSQUARED2 DSQUARED2 Bomber Bomber rgOqwr

This is a list of TeX functions supported by KaTeX. It is sorted into logical groups.

There is a similar Support Table, sorted alphabetically, that lists both supported and un-supported functions.

Accents

a ′ a' a' a ~ \tilde{a} \tilde{a} g ˚ \mathring{g} \mathring{g}
a ′ ′ a'' a'' a c ~ \widetilde{ac} \widetilde{ac} A B undefined \overgroup{AB} \overgroup{AB}
a ′ a^{\prime} a^{\prime} A B ~ \utilde{AB} \utilde{AB} A B undefined \undergroup{AB} \undergroup{AB}
a ˊ \acute{a} \acute{a} F ⃗ \vec{F} \vec{F} A B ⇒ \Overrightarrow{AB} \Overrightarrow{AB}
y ˉ \bar{y} \bar{y} A B ← \overleftarrow{AB} \overleftarrow{AB} A B → \overrightarrow{AB} \overrightarrow{AB}
a ˘ \breve{a} \breve{a} A B ← \underleftarrow{AB} \underleftarrow{AB} A B → \underrightarrow{AB} \underrightarrow{AB}
a ˇ \check{a} \check{a} a c ↼ \overleftharpoon{ac} \overleftharpoon{ac} a c ⇀ \overrightharpoon{ac} \overrightharpoon{ac}
a ˙ \dot{a} \dot{a} A B ↔ \overleftrightarrow{AB} \overleftrightarrow{AB} A B ⏞ \overbrace{AB} \overbrace{AB}
a ¨ \ddot{a} \ddot{a} A B ↔ \underleftrightarrow{AB} \underleftrightarrow{AB} A B ⎵ \underbrace{AB} \underbrace{AB}
a ˋ \grave{a} \grave{a} A B ‾ \overline{AB} \overline{AB} A B undefined \overlinesegment{AB} \overlinesegment{AB}
θ ^ \hat{\theta} \hat{\theta} A B ‾ \underline{AB} \underline{AB} A B undefined \underlinesegment{AB} \underlinesegment{AB}
a c ^ \widehat{ac} \widehat{ac} a c ˇ \widecheck{ac} \widecheck{ac}

Accent functions inside \text{…}

a ˊ \text{\'{a}} \'{a} a ˜ \text{\~{a}} \~{a} a ˙ \text{\.{a}} \.{a} a ˝ \text{\H{a}} \H{a}
a ˋ \text{\`{a}} \`{a} a ˉ \text{\={a}} \={a} a ¨ \text{\"{a}} \"{a} a ˇ \text{\v{a}} \v{a}
a ˆ \text{\^{a}} \^{a} a ˘ \text{\u{a}} \u{a} a ˚ \text{\r{a}} \r{a}

See also letters

Delimiters

( ) ( ) ( ) <   > \lt~\gt \lt \gt ⌈   ⌉ ⌈~⌉ ⌈ ⌉ ⌈   ⌉ \lceil~\rceil \lceil
      ~~~~~ \rceil		 ↑ \uparrow \uparrow
[ ] [ ] [ ] [   ] \lbrack~\rbrack \lbrack
     ~~~~ \rbrack		 ⌊   ⌋ ⌊~⌋ ⌊ ⌋ ⌊   ⌋ \lfloor~\rfloor \lfloor
      ~~~~~ \rfloor		 ↓ \downarrow \downarrow
{ } \{ \} \{ \} { } \lbrace \rbrace \lbrace
     ~~~~ \rbrace		 ⎰ ⎱ ⎰⎱ ⎰⎱ ⎰ ⎱ \lmoustache \rmoustache \lmoustache
     ~~~~ \rmoustache		 ↕ \updownarrow \updownarrow
⟨   ⟩ ⟨~⟩ ⟨ ⟩ ⟨   ⟩ \langle~\rangle \langle
     ~~~~ \rangle		 ⟮   ⟯ ⟮~⟯ ⟮ ⟯ ⟮   ⟯ \lgroup~\rgroup \lgroup
      ~~~~~ \rgroup		 ⇑ \Uparrow \Uparrow
∣ \vert | ∣ \vert \vert ┌ ┐ ┌ ┐ ┌ ┐ ┌ ┐ \ulcorner \urcorner \ulcorner
     ~~~~ \urcorner		 ⇓ \Downarrow \Downarrow
∥ \Vert \| ∥ \Vert \Vert └ ┘ └ ┘ └ ┘ └ ┘ \llcorner \lrcorner \llcorner
     ~~~~ \lrcorner		 ⇕ \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
∣   ∣ \lvert~\rvert \lvert
     ~~~~ \rvert		 ∥   ∥ \lVert~\rVert \lVert
      ~~~~~ \rVert		 \left. \right. \ \backslash \backslash
⟨   ⟩ \lang~\rang \lang
     ~~~~ \rang

Delimiter Sizing

( A B ) \left(\LARGE{AB}\right) \left(\LARGE{AB}\right)

( ( ( ( ( ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(

\left \big \bigl \bigm \bigr
\middle \Big \Bigl \Bigm \Bigr
\right \bigg \biggl \biggm \biggr
\Bigg \Biggl \Biggm \Biggr

Environments

a b c d \begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix} \begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}		 a b c d \begin{array}{cc}a & b\\c & d\end{array} \begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}
( a b c d ) \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}		 [ a b c d ] \begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}
∣ a b c d ∣ \begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix} \begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}		 ∥ a b c d ∥ \begin{Vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{Vmatrix} \begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}
{ a b c d } \begin{Bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{Bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}		 a b c d e f g h i \def\arraystretch{1.5}\begin{array}{c:c:c} a & b & c \\ \hline d & e & f \\ \hdashline g & h & i \end{array} \def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}
a = b + c d + e = f \begin{aligned} a&=b+c \\ d+e&=f \end{aligned} \begin{aligned}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{aligned}		 10 x + 3 y = 2 3 x + 13 y = 4 \begin{alignedat}{2}10&x+&3&y=2\\3&x+&13&y=4\end{alignedat} \begin{alignedat}{2}
   10&x+ &3&y = 2 \\
   3&x+&13&y = 4
\end{alignedat}
a = b e = b + c \begin{gathered} a=b \\ e=b+c \end{gathered} \begin{gathered}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gathered}		 x = { a if  b c if  d x = \begin{cases} a &\text{if } b \\ c &\text{if } d \end{cases} x = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}

KaTeX also supports darray and dcases.

Acceptable line separators include: \\, \cr, \\[distance], and \cr[distance]. Distance can be written with any of the KaTeX units.

The {array} environment supports | and : vertical separators.

The {array} environment does not yet support Bomber DSQUARED2 DSQUARED2 Bomber \cline or \multicolumn.

Casual and Max Boutique Dress Cleo winter x6ZSSIqUHTML

KaTeX \href{https://katex.org/}{\KaTeX} \href{https://katex.org/}{\KaTeX}
https://katex.org/ \url{https://katex.org/} \url{https://katex.org/}

Leisure winter Cargo Room Shorts Club grn06gLetters and Unicode

Greek Letters

Direct Input: A B Γ Δ E Z H Θ I K Λ M N Ξ O Π P Σ T Υ Φ X Ψ Ω Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι \allowbreak Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
α β γ δ ϵ ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ o π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω ε ϑ ϖ ϱ ς φ \allowbreak α β γ δ ϵ ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ o π \allowbreak ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω ε ϑ ϖ ϱ ς φ

A \Alpha \Alpha B \Beta \Beta Γ \Gamma \Gamma Δ \Delta \Delta
E \Epsilon \Epsilon Z \Zeta \Zeta H \Eta \Eta Θ \Theta \Theta
I \Iota \Iota K \Kappa \Kappa Λ \Lambda \Lambda M \Mu \Mu
N \Nu \Nu Ξ \Xi \Xi O \Omicron \Omicron Π \Pi \Pi
Σ \Sigma \Sigma T \Tau \Tau Υ \Upsilon \Upsilon Φ \Phi \Phi
X \Chi \Chi Ψ \Psi \Psi Ω \Omega \Omega
Γ \varGamma \varGamma Δ \varDelta \varDelta Θ \varTheta \varTheta Λ \varLambda \varLambda
Ξ \varXi \varXi Π \varPi \varPi Σ \varSigma \varSigma Υ \varUpsilon \varUpsilon
Φ \varPhi \varPhi Ψ \varPsi \varPsi Ω \varOmega \varOmega
α \alpha \alpha β \beta \beta γ \gamma \gamma δ \delta \delta
ϵ \epsilon \epsilon ζ \zeta \zeta η \eta \eta θ \theta \theta
ι \iota \iota κ \kappa \kappa λ \lambda \lambda μ \mu \mu
ν \nu \nu ξ \xi \xi ο \omicron \omicron π \pi \pi
ρ \rho \rho σ \sigma \sigma τ \tau \tau υ \upsilon \upsilon
ϕ \phi \phi χ \chi \chi ψ \psi \psi ω \omega \omega
ε \varepsilon \varepsilon ϰ \varkappa \varkappa ϑ \vartheta \vartheta ϑ \thetasym \thetasym
ϖ \varpi \varpi ϱ \varrho \varrho ς \varsigma \varsigma φ \varphi \varphi
ϝ \digamma \digamma

Other Letters

ı \imath \imath ∇ \nabla \nabla ℑ \Im \Im R \Reals \Reals Œ \text{\OE} \text{\OE}
ȷ \jmath \jmath ∂ \partial \partial ℑ \image \image ℘ \wp \wp ø \text{\o} \text{\o}
ℵ \aleph \aleph ⅁ \Game \Game k \Bbbk \Bbbk ℘ \weierp \weierp Ø \text{\O} \text{\O}
ℵ \alef \alef Ⅎ \Finv \Finv N \N \N Z \Z \Z ß \text{\ss} \text{\ss}
ℵ \alefsym \alefsym C \cnums \cnums N \natnums \natnums a ˚ \text{\aa} \text{\aa} ı \text{\i} \text{\i}
ℶ \beth \beth C \Complex \Complex R \R \R A ˚ \text{\AA} \text{\AA} ȷ \text{\j} \text{\j}
ℷ \gimel \gimel ℓ \ell \ell ℜ \Re \Re æ \text{\ae} \text{\ae}
ℸ \daleth \daleth ℏ \hbar \hbar ℜ \real \real Æ \text{\AE} \text{\AE}
ð \eth \eth ℏ \hslash \hslash R \reals \reals œ \text{\oe} \text{\oe}

Direct Input: ∂ ∇ ℑ Ⅎ ℵ ℶ ℷ ℸ ⅁ ℏ ð ∂ ∇ ℑ Ⅎ ℵ ℶ ℷ ℸ ⅁ ℏ ð ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåçèéêëìíîïðñòóôöùúûüýþÿ

Unicode Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols

Item Range Item Range
Bold 𝐀-𝐙 𝐚-𝐳 𝟎-𝟗 \text{𝐀-𝐙 𝐚-𝐳 𝟎-𝟗} Double-struck 𝔸- Z   𝕜 \text{𝔸-}ℤ\ 𝕜
Italic 𝐴-𝑍 𝑎-𝑧 \text{𝐴-𝑍 𝑎-𝑧} Sans serif 𝖠-𝖹 𝖺-𝗓 𝟢-𝟫 \text{𝖠-𝖹 𝖺-𝗓 𝟢-𝟫}
Bold Italic 𝑨-𝒁 𝒂-𝒛 \text{𝑨-𝒁 𝒂-𝒛} Sans serif bold 𝗔-𝗭 𝗮-𝘇 𝟬-𝟵 \text{𝗔-𝗭 𝗮-𝘇 𝟬-𝟵}
Script 𝒜-𝒵 \text{𝒜-𝒵} Sans serif italic 𝘈-𝘡 𝘢-𝘻 \text{𝘈-𝘡 𝘢-𝘻}
Fractur 𝔄- Z  𝔞-𝔷 \text{𝔄-}ℨ\text{ 𝔞-𝔷} Monospace 𝙰-𝚉 𝚊-𝚣 𝟶-𝟿 \text{𝙰-𝚉 𝚊-𝚣 𝟶-𝟿}

Unicode

The letters listed above will render in any KaTeX rendering mode.

If the KaTeX rendering mode is set to strict: false or strict:"warn" (default), then KaTeX will accept all Unicode letters. The letters not listed above will be rendered from system fonts, not KaTeX-supplied fonts, so their typography may clash. They may also cause small vertical alignment issues. KaTeX has detailed metrics for glyphs in Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic, but other glyphs are treated as if they are each as tall as the letter M.

For Persian composite characters, a user-supplied plug-in is under development.

Layout

Annotation

Boutique Cocktail Cocktail Cocktail Dress Cos winter Boutique winter Dress Cos Cos Boutique winter gfP8xfw
5 \cancel{5} \cancel{5} a + b + c ⏞ note \overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}} \overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}
5 \bcancel{5} \bcancel{5} a + b + c ⎵ note \underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}} \underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}
A B C \xcancel{ABC} \xcancel{ABC} ̸ = \not = \not =
a b c \sout{abc} \sout{abc} π = c d \boxed{\pi=\frac c d} \boxed{\pi=\frac c d}

\tag{hi} x+y^{2x} (hi) x + y 2 x \tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x} hi x + y 2 x \tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

Line Breaks

KaTeX 0.10.0+ will insert automatic line breaks in inline math after relations or binary operators such as “=” or “+”. These can be suppressed by \nobreak or by placing math inside a pair of braces, as in {F=ma}. \allowbreak will allow automatic line breaks at locations other than relations or operators.

Hard line breaks are \\ and \newline.

In display math, KaTeX does not insert automatic line breaks. It ignores display math hard line breaks when rendering option strict: true.

Vertical Layout

x n x_n x_n = ! \stackrel{!}{=} \stackrel{!}{=} a b a \atop b a \atop b
e x e^x e^x = ! \overset{!}{=} \overset{!}{=} a b c a\raisebox{0.25em}{b}c a\raisebox{0.25em}{b}c
u o _u^o _u^o = ! \underset{!}{=} \underset{!}{=}

The second argument of \raisebox can contain math if it is nested within $…$ delimiters, as in \raisebox{0.25em}{$\frac a b$}

Overlap and Spacing

= /   {=}\mathllap{/\,} {=}\mathllap{/\,} ( x 2 ) \left(x^{\smash{2}}\right) \left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)
  / = \mathrlap{\,/}{=} \mathrlap{\,/}{=} y \sqrt{\smash[b]{y}} \sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}

∑ 1 ≤ i ≤ j ≤ n x i j \displaystyle\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij} \sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

KaTeX also supports \llap, \rlap, and \clap, but they will take only text, not math, as arguments.

Spacing

Function Produces Function Produces
\, ³∕₁₈ em space \kern{distance} space, width = distance
\thinspace ³∕₁₈ em space \mkern{distance} space, width = distance
\: ⁴∕₁₈ em space \mskip{distance} space, width = distance
\medspace ⁴∕₁₈ em space \hskip{distance} space, width = distance
\; ⁵∕₁₈ em space \hspace{distance} space, width = distance
\thickspace ⁵∕₁₈ em space \hspace*{distance} space, width = distance
\enspace ½ em space \phantom{content} space the width and height of content
\quad 1 em space \hphantom{content} space the width of content
\qquad 2 em space \vphantom{content} a strut the height of content
~ non-breaking space \! – ³∕₁₈ em space
\ space \negthinspace – ³∕₁₈ em space
\nobreakspace non-breaking space \negmedspace – ⁴∕₁₈ em space
\space space \negthickspace – ⁵∕₁₈ em space

Notes:

distance will accept any of the KaTeX units.

\kern, \mkern, \mskip, and \hspace accept unbraced distances, as in: \kern1em.

\mkern and \mskip will not work in text mode and both will write a console warning for any unit except mu.

Contrast Contrast Contrast bomber jacket jacket edges edges edges bomber bomber RHIrCRqwGap winter Leisure Leisure Trenchcoat Gap winter Gap Trenchcoat winter Trenchcoat Leisure Gap winter Leisure BXdnCwqFxLogic and Set Theory

∀ \forall \forall ∁ \complement \complement ∴ \therefore \therefore ∅ \emptyset \emptyset
∃ \exists \exists ⊂ \subset \subset ∵ \because \because ∅ \empty \empty
∃ \exist \exist ⊃ \supset \supset ↦ \mapsto \mapsto ∅ \varnothing \varnothing
∄ \nexists \nexists ∣ \mid \mid → \to \to    ⟹    \implies \implies
∈ \in \in ∧ \land \land ← \gets \gets    ⟸    \impliedby \impliedby
∈ \isin \isin ∨ \lor \lor ↔ \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow    ⟺    \iff \iff
∉ \notin \notin ∋ \ni \ni ∌ \notni \notni ¬ \neg \neg or \lnot

Direct Input: ∀ ∴ ∁ ∵ ∃ ∣ ∈ ∉ ∋ ⊂ ⊃ ∧ ∨ ↦ → ← ↔ ¬ ∀ ∴ ∁ ∵ ∃ ∣ ∈ ∉ ∋ ⊂ ⊃ ∧ ∨ ↦ → ← ↔ ¬ ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ

Macros

x 2 + x 2 \def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo \def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo
y 2 + y 2 \gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y} \gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y}
\global\def\macroname#1#2…{definition}
\newcommand\macroname[numargs]{definition}
\renewcommand\macroname[numargs]{definition}
\providecommand\macroname[numargs]{definition}

Macros can also be defined in the KaTeX rendering options.

Macros accept up to nine arguments: #1, #2, etc.

\gdef and \global\def macros will persist between math expressions.

Available functions include:

\char \mathchoice \TextOrMath \@ifstar \@ifnextchar \@firstoftwo \@secondoftwo \relax

@ is a valid character for commands, as if \makeatletter were in effect.

Operators

Big Operators

∑ \sum \sum ∏ \prod \prod ⨂ \bigotimes \bigotimes ⋁ \bigvee \bigvee
∫ \int \int ∐ \coprod \coprod ⨁ \bigoplus \bigoplus ⋀ \bigwedge \bigwedge
∬ \iint \iint ∫ \intop \intop ⨀ \bigodot \bigodot ⋂ \bigcap \bigcap
∭ \iiint \iiint ∫ \smallint \smallint ⨄ \biguplus \biguplus ⋃ \bigcup \bigcup
∮ \oint \oint ∯ \oiint \oiint ∰ \oiiint \oiiint ⨆ \bigsqcup \bigsqcup

Direct Input: ∫ ∬ ∭ ∮ ∏ ∐ ∑ ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋂ ⨀ ⨁ ⨂ ⨄ ⨆ ∫ ∬ ∭ ∮ ∏ ∐ ∑ ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋃ ⨀ ⨁ ⨂ ⨄ ⨆

Binary Operators

+ + + ⋅ \cdot \cdot ⋗ \gtrdot \gtrdot x ( m o d a ) x \pmod a x \pmod a
− - - ⋅ \cdotp \cdotp ⊺ \intercal \intercal x ( a ) x \pod a x \pod a
/ / / ⋅ \centerdot \centerdot ∧ \land \land ⊳ \rhd \rhd
∗ * * ∘ \circ \circ ⋋ \leftthreetimes \leftthreetimes ⋌ \rightthreetimes \rightthreetimes
⨿ \amalg \amalg ⊛ \circledast \circledast . \ldotp \ldotp ⋊ \rtimes \rtimes
& \And \And ⊚ \circledcirc \circledcirc ∨ \lor \lor ∖ \setminus \setminus
∗ \ast \ast ⊝ \circleddash \circleddash ⋖ \lessdot \lessdot ∖ \smallsetminus \smallsetminus
⊼ \barwedge \barwedge ⋓ \Cup \Cup ⊲ \lhd Casual Apparel Connected winter Dress Boutique 8qgtfna7 \lhd ⊓ \sqcap \sqcap
◯ \bigcirc \bigcirc ∪ \cup \cup ⋉ \ltimes \ltimes ⊔ \sqcup \sqcup
  m o d   \bmod \bmod ⋎ \curlyvee \curlyvee x m o d     a x \mod a x\mod a × \times \times
⊡ \boxdot \boxdot ⋏ \curlywedge \curlywedge ∓ DSQUARED2 Bomber DSQUARED2 Bomber \mp \mp ⊴ \unlhd \unlhd
⊟ \boxminus \boxminus ÷ \div \div ⊙ \odot \odot ⊵ \unrhd \unrhd
⊞ \boxplus \boxplus ⋇ \divideontimes \divideontimes ⊖ \ominus \ominus ⊎ \uplus \uplus
⊠ \boxtimes \boxtimes ∔ \dotplus \dotplus ⊕ \oplus \oplus ∨ \vee \vee
∙ \bullet \bullet ⩞ \doublebarwedge \doublebarwedge ⊗ \otimes \otimes ⊻ \veebar \veebar
⋒ \Cap \Cap ⋒ \doublecap \doublecap ⊘ \oslash \oslash ∧ \wedge \wedge
∩ \cap \cap ⋓ \doublecup \doublecup ± \pm \pm or \plusmn ≀ \wr \wr

Direct Input: + − / ∗ ⋅ ± × ÷ ∓ ∔ ∧ ∨ ∩ ∪ ≀ ⊎ ⊓ ⊔ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊘ ⊙ ⊚ ⊛ ⊝ + - / * ⋅ ± × ÷ ∓ ∔ ∧ ∨ ∩ ∪ ≀ ⊎ ⊓ ⊔ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊘ ⊙ ⊚ ⊛ ⊝

Boutique leisure Skirt leisure Wool Talbots Boutique rUrqwFZf6Fractions and Binomials

a b \frac{a}{b} \frac{a}{b} a b \tfrac{a}{b} \tfrac{a}{b} ( a a + 1 ] \genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1} \genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1}
a b {a \over b} {a \over b} a b \dfrac{a}{b} \dfrac{a}{b} a b + 1 {a \above{2pt} b+1} {a \above{2pt} b+1}
a / b a/b a/b a 1 + 1 b \cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}} \cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}
( n k ) \binom{n}{k} \binom{n}{k} ( n k ) \dbinom{n}{k} \dbinom{n}{k} \{ n k \} {n\brace k} {n\brace k}
( n k ) {n \choose k} {n \choose k} ( n k ) \tbinom{n}{k} \tbinom{n}{k} [ n k ] {n\brack k} {n\brack k}

Khakis Ann Boutique leisure LOFT Taylor xBIXUIMath Operators

arcsin ⁡ \arcsin \arcsin cotg ⁡ \cotg \cotg ln ⁡ \ln \ln det ⁡ \det \det
arccos ⁡ \arccos \arccos coth ⁡ \coth \coth log ⁡ \log \log gcd ⁡ \gcd \gcd
arctan ⁡ \arctan \arctan csc ⁡ \csc \csc sec ⁡ \sec \sec inf ⁡ \inf \inf
arctg ⁡ \arctg \arctg ctg ⁡ \ctg \ctg sin ⁡ \sin \sin lim ⁡ \lim \lim
arcctg Bomber DSQUARED2 Bomber DSQUARED2 ⁡ \arcctg \arcctg cth ⁡ \cth \cth sinh ⁡ \sinh \sinh lim inf ⁡ \liminf \liminf
arg ⁡ \arg \arg deg ⁡ \deg \deg sh ⁡ \sh \sh lim sup ⁡ \limsup \limsup
ch ⁡ \ch \ch dim ⁡ \dim \dim tan ⁡ \tan \tan max ⁡ \max \max
cos ⁡ \cos \cos exp ⁡ \exp \exp tanh ⁡ \tanh \tanh min ⁡ \min \min
Bomber DSQUARED2 Bomber DSQUARED2 cosec ⁡ \cosec \cosec hom ⁡ \hom \hom tg ⁡ \tg \tg Pr ⁡ \Pr \Pr
cosh ⁡ \cosh \cosh ker ⁡ \ker \ker th ⁡ \th \th sup ⁡ \sup \sup
cot ⁡ \cot \cot lg ⁡ \lg \lg f ⁡ \operatorname{f} \operatorname{f}

Functions on the right column of this table can take \limits.

\sqrt

x \sqrt{x} \sqrt{x}

x 3 \sqrt[3]{x} \sqrt[3]{x}

Relations

= ! winter Boutique Topshop winter Boutique Topshop Shorts RqqtrWNegated Relations

̸ = \not = \not =

⪊ \gnapprox \gnapprox \ngeqslant \ngeqslant ⊈ \nsubseteq \nsubseteq ⪵ \precneqq \precneqq
⪈ \gneq \gneq ≯ \ngtr \ngtr \nsubseteqq \nsubseteqq ⋨ \precnsim \precnsim
≩ \gneqq \gneqq ≰ \nleq \nleq ⊁ \nsucc \nsucc ⊊ \subsetneq \subsetneq
⋧ \gnsim \gnsim \nleqq \nleqq ⋡ \nsucceq \nsucceq ⫋ \subsetneqq \subsetneqq
\gvertneqq \gvertneqq \nleqslant \nleqslant ⊉ \nsupseteq \nsupseteq ⪺ \succnapprox \succnapprox
⪉ \lnapprox \lnapprox ≮ \nless \nless \nsupseteqq \nsupseteqq ⪶ \succneqq \succneqq
⪇ \lneq \lneq ∤ \nmid \nmid ⋪ \ntriangleleft \ntriangleleft ⋩ \succnsim \succnsim
≨ \lneqq \lneqq ∉ \notin \notin ⋬ \ntrianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq ⊋ \supsetneq \supsetneq
⋦ \lnsim \lnsim ∌ \notni \notni ⋫ \ntriangleright \ntriangleright ⫌ \supsetneqq \supsetneqq
\lvertneqq \lvertneqq ∦ \nparallel \nparallel ⋭ \ntrianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq \varsubsetneq \varsubsetneq
≆ \ncong \ncong ⊀ \nprec \nprec ⊬ \nvdash \nvdash \varsubsetneqq \varsubsetneqq
≠ \ne \ne ⋠ \npreceq \npreceq ⊭ \nvDash \nvDash \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneq
≠ \neq \neq \nshortmid \nshortmid ⊯ \nVDash \nVDash \varsupsetneqq \varsupsetneqq
≱ \ngeq \ngeq \nshortparallel \nshortparallel ⊮ \nVdash \nVdash
\ngeqq \ngeqq ≁ \nsim \nsim ⪹ \precnapprox \precnapprox

Direct Input: ∉ ∌ ∤ ∦ ≁ ≆ ≠ ≨ ≩ ≮ ≯ ≰ ≱ ⊀ ⊁ ⊈ ⊉ ⊊ ⊋ ⊬ ⊭ ⊮ ⊯ ⋠ ⋡ ⋦ ⋧ ⋨ ⋩ ⋬ ⋭ ⪇ ⪈ ⪉ ⪊ ⪵ ⪶ ⪹ ⪺ ⫋ ⫌ ∉ ∌ ∤ ∦ ≁ ≆ ≠ ≨ ≩ ≮ ≯ ≰ ≱ ⊀ ⊁ ⊈ ⊉ ⊊ ⊋ ⊬ ⊭ ⊮ ⊯ ⋠ ⋡ ⋦ ⋧ ⋨ ⋩ ⋬ ⋭ ⪇ ⪈ ⪉ ⪊ ⪵ ⪶ ⪹ ⪺ ⫋ ⫌

Arrows

↺ \circlearrowleft \circlearrowleft ↼ \leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup ⇒ \rArr \rArr
↻ \circlearrowright \circlearrowright ⇇ \leftleftarrows \leftleftarrows → \rarr \rarr
↶ \curvearrowleft \curvearrowleft ↔ \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow ↾ \restriction \restriction
↷ \curvearrowright \curvearrowright ⇔ \Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow → \rightarrow \rightarrow
⇓ \Darr \Darr ⇆ \leftrightarrows \leftrightarrows ⇒ \Rightarrow \Rightarrow
⇓ \dArr \dArr ⇋ \leftrightharpoons \leftrightharpoons ↣ \rightarrowtail \rightarrowtail
↓ \darr \darr ↭ \leftrightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow ⇁ \rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown
⇠ \dashleftarrow \dashleftarrow ⇚ \Lleftarrow \Lleftarrow ⇀ \rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
⇢ \dashrightarrow \dashrightarrow ⟵ \longleftarrow \longleftarrow ⇄ \rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows
↓ \downarrow \downarrow ⟸ \Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow ⇌ \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons
⇓ \Downarrow \Downarrow ⟷ \longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow ⇉ \rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows
⇊ \downdownarrows \downdownarrows ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow ⇝ \rightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
⇃ \downharpoonleft \downharpoonleft ⟼ \longmapsto \longmapsto ⇛ \Rrightarrow \Rrightarrow
⇂ \downharpoonright \downharpoonright ⟶ \longrightarrow Bomber DSQUARED2 Bomber DSQUARED2 \longrightarrow ↱ \Rsh \Rsh
← \gets \gets ⟹ \Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow ↘ \searrow \searrow
⇔ \Harr \Harr ↫ \looparrowleft \looparrowleft ↙ \swarrow \swarrow
⇔ \hArr \hArr ↬ \looparrowright \looparrowright → \to \to
↔ \harr \harr ⇔ \Lrarr \Lrarr ↞ \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow
↩ \hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow ⇔ \lrArr \lrArr ↠ \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadrightarrow
↪ \hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow ↔ \lrarr \lrarr ⇑ \Uarr \Uarr
   ⟺    \iff \iff ↰ \Lsh \Lsh ⇑ \uArr \uArr
   ⟸    \impliedby \impliedby ↦ \mapsto \mapsto ↑ \uarr \uarr
   ⟹    \implies \implies ↗ \nearrow Bomber DSQUARED2 Bomber DSQUARED2 \nearrow ↑ \uparrow \uparrow
⇐ \Larr \Larr ↚ \nleftarrow \nleftarrow ⇑ \Uparrow \Uparrow
⇐ \lArr \lArr ⇍ \nLeftarrow \nLeftarrow ↕ \updownarrow \updownarrow
← \larr \larr ↮ \nleftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
⇝ \leadsto \leadsto ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow ↿ \upharpoonleft \upharpoonleft
← \leftarrow \leftarrow ↛ \nrightarrow \nrightarrow ↾ \upharpoonright \upharpoonright
⇐ \Leftarrow \Leftarrow ⇏ \nRightarrow \nRightarrow ⇈ \upuparrows \upuparrows
↢ \leftarrowtail \leftarrowtail ↖ \nwarrow \nwarrow
↽ \leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown ⇒ \Rarr \Rarr

Direct Input: ← ↑ → ↓ ↔ ↕ ↖ ↗ ↘ ↙ ↚ ↛ ↞ ↠ ↢ ↣ ↦ ↩ ↪ ↫ ↬ ↭ ↮ ↰ ↱ ↶ ↷ ↺ ↻ ↼ ↽ ↾ ↾ ↿ ⇀ ⇁ ⇂ ⇃ ⇄ ⇆ ⇇ ⇈ ⇉ ⇊ ⇋ ⇌ ⇍ ⇎ ⇏ ⇐ ⇑ ⇒ ⇓ ⇔ ⇕ ⇚ ⇛ ⇝ ⇠ ⇢ ⟵ ⟶ ⟷ ⟸ ⟹ ⟺ ⟼ ← ↑ → ↓ ↔ ↕ ↖ ↗ ↘ ↙ ↚ ↛ ↞ ↠ ↢ ↣ ↦ ↩ ↪ ↫ ↬ ↭ ↮ ↰ ↱↶ ↷ ↺ ↻ ↼ ↽ ↾ ↾ ↿ ⇀ ⇁ ⇂ ⇃ ⇄ ⇆ ⇇ ⇈ ⇉ ⇊ ⇋ ⇌⇍ ⇎ ⇏ ⇐ ⇑ ⇒ ⇓ ⇔ ⇕ ⇚ ⇛ ⇝ ⇠ ⇢ ⟵ ⟶ ⟷ ⟸ ⟹ ⟺ ⟼ ↽

Extensible Arrows

← a b c \xleftarrow{abc} \xleftarrow{abc} → u n d e r o v e r \xrightarrow[under]{over} \xrightarrow[under]{over}
⇐ a b c \xLeftarrow{abc} \xLeftarrow{abc} ⇒ a b c \xRightarrow{abc} \xRightarrow{abc}
↔ a b c \xleftrightarrow{abc} \xleftrightarrow{abc} ⇔ a b c \xLeftrightarrow{abc} \xLeftrightarrow{abc}
↩ a b c \xhookleftarrow{abc} \xhookleftarrow{abc} ↪ a b c \xhookrightarrow{abc} \xhookrightarrow{abc}
↞ a b c \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} ↠ a b c \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc} \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}
↼ a b c \xleftharpoonup{abc} \xleftharpoonup{abc} ⇀ a b c \xrightharpoonup{abc} \xrightharpoonup{abc}
↽ a b c \xleftharpoondown{abc} \xleftharpoondown{abc} ⇁ a b c \xrightharpoondown{abc} \xrightharpoondown{abc}
⇋ a b c \xleftrightharpoons{abc} \xleftrightharpoons{abc} ⇌ a b c \xrightleftharpoons{abc} \xrightleftharpoons{abc}
⇄ a b c \xtofrom{abc} \xtofrom{abc} ↦ a b c \xmapsto{abc} \xmapsto{abc}
= a b c \xlongequal{abc} \xlongequal{abc}

Extensible arrows all can take an optional argument in the same manner
as \xrightarrow[under]{over}.

Style, Color, Size, and Font

Class Assignment

\mathbin \mathclose \mathinner \mathop
\mathopen \mathord \mathpunct \mathrel

Color

F = m a \color{blue} F=ma \color{blue} F=ma

Note that KaTeX \color acts like a switch. This aligns with LaTeX and differs from MathJax. Other KaTeX color functions expect the content to be a function argument:

F = m a \textcolor{blue}{F=ma} \textcolor{blue}{F=ma}
F = m a \textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma} \textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}
A \colorbox{aqua}{A} \colorbox{aqua}{A}
A \fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{A} \fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{A}

For color definition, KaTeX color functions will accept the standard HTML predefined color names. They will also accept an RGB argument in CSS hexa­decimal style.

Font

A b 0 \mathrm{Ab0} \mathrm{Ab0} A b 0 \mathbf{Ab0} \mathbf{Ab0} A b \mathit{Ab} \mathit{Ab}
Ab0 \textrm{Ab0} \textrm{Ab0} Ab0 \textbf{Ab0} \textbf{Ab0} Ab \textit{Ab} \textit{Ab}
A b 0 \rm Ab0 \rm Ab0 A b 0 \bf Ab0 \bf Ab0 A b \it Ab \it Ab
Ab0 \textnormal{Ab0} \textnormal{Ab0} A b 0 \bold{Ab0} \bold{Ab0} A B \Bbb{AB} \Bbb{AB}
Ab0 \text{Ab0} \text{Ab0} A b \boldsymbol{Ab} \boldsymbol{Ab} A B \mathbb{AB} \mathbb{AB}
A b 0 \mathsf{Ab0} \mathsf{Ab0} A b \bm{Ab} \bm{Ab} A b 0 \frak{Ab0} \frak{Ab0}
Ab0 \textsf{Ab0} \textsf{Ab0} A b 0 \mathtt{Ab0} \mathtt{Ab0} A b 0 \mathfrak{Ab0} \mathfrak{Ab0}
A b 0 \sf Ab0 \sf Ab0 Ab0 \texttt{Ab0} \texttt{Ab0} A B 0 \mathcal{AB0} \mathcal{AB0}
A b 0 \tt Ab0 \tt Ab0 A B \mathscr{AB} \mathscr{AB}

One can stack font family, font weight, and font shape by using the \textXX versions of the font functions. So \textsf{\textbf{H}} will produce H \textsf{\textbf{H}} . The other versions do not stack, e.g., \mathsf{\mathbf{H}} will produce H \mathsf{\mathbf{H}} .

In cases where KaTeX fonts do not have a bold glyph, \pmb can simulate one. For example, \pmb{\mu} renders as : μ \pmb{\mu}

Size

A B \Huge AB \Huge AB A B \normalsize AB \normalsize AB
A B \huge AB \huge AB A B \small AB \small AB
A B \LARGE AB \LARGE AB A B \footnotesize AB \footnotesize AB
A B \Large AB \Large AB A B \scriptsize AB \scriptsize AB
A B \large AB \large AB A B \tiny AB \tiny AB

Style

∑ i = 1 n \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n
∑ i = 1 n \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n
x \scriptstyle x \scriptstyle x         (The size of a first sub/superscript)
x \scriptscriptstyle x \scriptscriptstyle x (The size of subsequent sub/superscripts)
lim ⁡ x \lim\limits_x \lim\limits_x
lim ⁡ x \lim\nolimits_x \lim\nolimits_x
x^2 \verb!x^2! \verb!x^2!

\text{…} will accept nested $…$ fragments and render them in math mode.

Symbols and Punctuation

% comment … \dots \dots KaTeX \KaTeX \KaTeX
% \% \% ⋯ \cdots \cdots LaTeX \LaTeX \LaTeX
# \# \# ⋱ \ddots \ddots TeX \TeX \TeX
& \& \& … \ldots \ldots ∇ \nabla \nabla
_ \_ \_ ⋮ \vdots \vdots ∞ \infty \infty
_ \text{\textunderscore} \text{\textunderscore} ⋯ \dotsb \dotsb ∞ \infin \infin
– \text{--} \text{--} … \dotsc \dotsc ✓ \checkmark \checkmark
– \text{\textendash} \text{\textendash} ​ ⋯ \dotsi \dotsi † \dag \dag
— \text{---} \text{---} ⋯ \dotsm \dotsm † \dagger \dagger
— \text{\textemdash} \text{\textemdash} … \dotso \dotso † \text{\textdagger} \text{\textdagger}
~ \text{\textasciitilde} \text{\textasciitilde} ⋅ \sdot \sdot ‡ \ddag \ddag
‘ ` ` … \mathellipsis \mathellipsis ‡ \ddagger \ddagger
‘ \text{\textquoteleft} text{\textquoteleft} … \text{\textellipsis} \text{\textellipsis} ‡ \text{\textdaggerdbl} \text{\textdaggerdbl}
‘ \lq \lq □ \Box \Box ‡ \Dagger \Dagger
’ \text{\textquoteright} \text{\textquoteright} □ \square \square ∠ \angle \angle
′ \rq \rq ■ \blacksquare \blacksquare ∡ \measuredangle \measuredangle
“ \text{\textquotedblleft} \text{\textquotedblleft} △ \triangle \triangle ∢ \sphericalangle \sphericalangle
" " " ▽ \triangledown \triangledown ⊤ \top \top
” \text{\textquotedblright} \text{\textquotedblright} ◃ \triangleleft \triangleleft ⊥ \bot \bot
​ : \colon \colon ▹ \triangleright \triangleright $ \$ \$
‵ \backprime \backprime ▽ \bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown $ \text{\textdollar} \text{\textdollar}
′ \prime \prime △ \bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup £ \pounds \pounds
< \text{\textless} \text{\textless} ▲ \blacktriangle \blacktriangle £ \mathsterling \mathsterling
> \text{\textgreater} \text{\textgreater} ▼ \blacktriangledown \blacktriangledown £ \text{\textsterling} \text{\textsterling}
| \text{\textbar} \text{\textbar} ◀ \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleleft ¥ \yen \yen
∥ \text{\textbardbl} \text{\textbardbl} ▶ \blacktriangleright \blacktriangleright √ \surd \surd
{ \text{\textbraceleft} \text{\textbraceleft} ⋄ \diamond \diamond ° \degree \degree
} \text{\textbraceright} \text{\textbraceright} ◊ \Diamond \Diamond ° \text{\textdegree} \text{\textdegree}
\text{\P} \text{\P} ◊ \lozenge \lozenge ℧ \mho \mho
§ \text{\S} \text{\S} ⧫ \blacklozenge \blacklozenge ╲ \diagdown \diagdown
§ \text{\sect} \text{\sect} ⋆ \star \star ╱ \diagup \diagup
© \copyright \copyright ★ \bigstar \bigstar ♭ \flat \flat
® \circledR \circledR ♣ \clubsuit \clubsuit ♮ \natural \natural
® \text{\textregistered} \text{\textregistered} ♣ \clubs \clubs ♯ \sharp \sharp
Ⓢ \circledS \circledS ♢ \diamondsuit \diamondsuit ♡ \heartsuit \heartsuit
a ◯ \text{\textcircled a} \text{\textcircled a} ♢ \diamonds \diamonds ♡ \hearts \hearts
✠ \maltese \maltese ♠ \spadesuit \spadesuit ♠ \spades \spades

Direct Input: £ ¥ ∇ ∞ ⋅ ∠ ∡ ∢ ♠ ♡ ♢ ♣ ♭ ♮ ♯ ✓ … ⋮ ⋯ ⋱ ! £ ¥ ∇ ∞ · ∠ ∡ ∢ ♠ ♡ ♢ ♣ ♭ ♮ ♯ ✓ … ⋮ ⋯ ⋱ ! ‼

Units

In KaTeX, units are proportioned as they are in TeX.
KaTeX units are different than CSS units.

KaTeX Unit Value KaTeX Unit Value
em CSS em bp 1/72​ inch × F × G
ex CSS ex pc 12 KaTeX pt
mu 1/18 CSS em dd 1238/1157​ KaTeX pt
pt 1/72.27 inch × F × G cc 14856/1157 KaTeX pt
mm 1 mm × F × G nd 685/642 KaTeX pt
cm 1 cm × F × G nc 1370/107​ KaTeX pt
in 1 inch × F × G sp Bomber DSQUARED2 DSQUARED2 Bomber 1/65536 KaTeX pt

where:

F = (font size of surrounding HTML text)/(10 pt)

G = 1.21 by default, because KaTeX font-size is normally 1.21 × the surrounding font size. This value can be overridden by the CSS of an HTML page.

The effect of style and size:

Unit textstyle scriptscript huge
em or ex \rule{1em}{1em} \scriptscriptstyle\rule{1em}{1em} \huge\rule{1em}{1em}
mu \rule{18mu}{18mu} \scriptscriptstyle\rule{18mu}{18mu} \huge\rule{18mu}{18mu}
others \rule{10pt}{10pt} \scriptscriptstyle\rule{10pt}{10pt} \huge\rule{10pt}{10pt}
← Font winter Boutique 21 Forever Dress Casual d88A7q
COMPOSITION98% Cotton, 2% Elastane, Wool, Polyester, Bovine leatherMade In Italy